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split(): the separator defines the list
Empty parts can also be significant results.
Published22 Oct 2026
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Sqlite3: passing values as query parameters
With sqlite3, parameters separate SQL text from input values. For example, execute('SELECT name FROM items WHERE id = ?', (item_id,)) supplies the identifier separately.
Published22 Oct 2026
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SRI: checking that an external file is the expected version
Subresource Integrity compares the downloaded resource to a predefined cryptographic hash. When updating the file, the expected value must also be updated.
Published22 Oct 2026
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startsWith(): check the start of text
The method is sensitive to upper and lower case letters.
Published22 Oct 2026
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Statistics: mean and median answer different questions
statistics.mean([1, 2, 100]) gives the arithmetic mean, while statistics.median([1, 2, 100]) gives 2. A large observation affects the two measures differently.
Published22 Oct 2026
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String.Template: names in a simple text template
string.Template uses placeholders such as $name for text substitution. substitute() expects the required values; safe_substitute() can leave unresolved placeholders in the result.
Published22 Oct 2026
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StringIO and BytesIO: in-memory streams with different types
io.StringIO handles text, while io.BytesIO handles bytes. They help when a library expects a file-like object but the data is already in memory.
Published22 Oct 2026
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Struct: byte order belongs to the format
struct.pack('>H', 258) produces the two bytes b'\x01\x02'. The > prefix selects big-endian order, while H describes an unsigned short integer in that format.
Published22 Oct 2026
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structuredClone(): an independent copy of nested data
structuredClone() can create a deep copy of supported values. This is different from copying only the external object.
Published22 Oct 2026
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Submodule: an external project is pinned to a revision
A Git submodule connects a separate repository at a particular commit to the parent project. It does not automatically follow every latest change on an external branch.
Published22 Oct 2026
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Subprocess: separate arguments instead of a shell string
subprocess.run() is the recommended high-level interface for starting a process. An argument list with the usual shell=False avoids constructing shell syntax around every value.
Published22 Oct 2026
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substring(): the final position remains outside the snippet
Interchanged boundaries have a specific behavior.
Published22 Oct 2026