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StringIO and BytesIO: in-memory streams with different types
io.StringIO handles text, while io.BytesIO handles bytes. They help when a library expects a file-like object but the data is already in memory.
Published22 Oct 2026
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Technology
Fnmatch: filename patterns rather than regular expressions
fnmatch compares names with shell-style patterns. fnmatch.fnmatchcase('report.csv', '*.csv') is True, and fnmatchcase preserves case sensitivity.
Published22 Oct 2026
Technology
Glob: matching files have no guaranteed order
glob finds paths matching patterns such as *.csv, but does not guarantee their order. Sort the results explicitly for an ordered import.
Published22 Oct 2026
Architecture
Lunenburg: a rectangular grid and timber houses
Lunenburg is a planned British colonial settlement in Canada founded in 1753. Its original layout and substantial timber architecture survive.
Published22 Oct 2026
Food
Conchas: the pattern comes from a separate topping
Conchas are Mexican sweet buns with a characteristic topping. King Arthur prepares that layer separately from the yeast dough and shapes it over the portions.
Published22 Oct 2026
Technology
TemporaryDirectory: a workspace with a defined lifetime
tempfile.TemporaryDirectory can act as a context manager that cleans up its temporary directory on exit. It suits intermediate conversion files.
Published22 Oct 2026
Cars
AxTrax 2: the electric axle as a packaging choice
ZF's AxTrax 2 integrates electric propulsion into an axle for medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. The idea is to gather key drive components around the conventional axle locatio...
Published22 Oct 2026
Technology
Shutil.copy2: copying does not preserve every attribute
shutil.copy2() attempts to preserve more file metadata than merely copying contents. The documentation warns that even high-level copying cannot transfer every attribute on every platfo...
Published22 Oct 2026
Architecture
Old Québec: fortifications and two urban levels
Old Québec combines a fortified Upper Town on the cliff with a Lower Town and historic districts. Religious, administrative and defensive buildings form a shared ensemble.
Published22 Oct 2026
Food
Kolaches: an open centre within a soft dough border
The Czech kolaches in this recipe are sweet yeast pastries shaped to hold filling. The depression and dough border determine how the filling sits in the finished portion.
Published22 Oct 2026
Technology
Os.environ: settings from the process environment
os.environ exposes process environment variables as text. A configured port, for example, needs conversion and validation before being used as a number.
Published22 Oct 2026
Technology
Sys.argv: command-line arguments start as text
sys.argv contains program arguments, with the initial element describing the script or invocation. A supplied quantity such as 12 starts as text, not an automatically validated number.
Published22 Oct 2026