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1274 results

Technology

Base64: representing bytes as text without secrecy

base64.b64encode(b'cat') gives b'Y2F0'. Decoding restores the bytes without requiring a secret key.

Published22 Oct 2026

Technology

HMAC: checking a message with a shared secret

HMAC combines a message, a secret key and a chosen hash algorithm. A recipient holding the same key can calculate the expected code and compare it with hmac.compare_digest().

Published22 Oct 2026

Technology

Hashlib: a digest checks content, not identity

hashlib.sha256(b'abc').hexdigest() returns a hexadecimal digest of the supplied bytes. Successive update() calls process chunks of the same stream.

Published22 Oct 2026

Architecture

Brasília: buildings within an overall city design

Brasília is a planned capital associated with Lúcio Costa’s urban design and Oscar Niemeyer’s architecture. Residential and administrative areas participate in an overall composition.

Published22 Oct 2026

Food

Chicken pot pie: crust and filling need different preparation

Classic Chicken Pot Pie prepares the pastry separately from a thickened filling containing already cooked chicken. Preparation of both parts precedes their combined bake.

Published22 Oct 2026

Technology

Secrets: generating a random token for a URL or session

secrets.token_urlsafe(32) creates a textual token from 32 random bytes using URL-safe encoding. The argument is a byte count, not a guaranteed final character count.

Published22 Oct 2026

Cars

CeTrax 2 dual: electric propulsion and auxiliary equipment

ZF's CeTrax 2 dual is an integrated electric drive for heavy-duty commercial applications. In the described system, electric motors and power electronics are combined with a transmissio...

Published22 Oct 2026

Technology

Random: reproducible experiments without secrecy

random.Random(42) creates a separate pseudorandom generator with a specified initial state. It suits reproducible simulations and examples without necessarily changing the shared genera...

Published22 Oct 2026

Architecture

Tiwanaku: monumental remains of a political centre

Tiwanaku was a centre of an influential pre-Hispanic culture in the southern Andes, flourishing between AD 500 and 900. Monumental remains express its political and cultural importance.

Published22 Oct 2026

Food

Calzone: an enclosed shape changes how filling behaves

Calzone is a filled bake made with yeast dough. King Arthur considers different fillings and shaping that encloses the contents.

Published22 Oct 2026

Technology

Statistics: mean and median answer different questions

statistics.mean([1, 2, 100]) gives the arithmetic mean, while statistics.median([1, 2, 100]) gives 2. A large observation affects the two measures differently.

Published22 Oct 2026

Technology

Math.isclose: nearby numbers under an explicit tolerance

math.isclose() compares numbers using relative and absolute tolerances. For example, math.isclose(0.1 + 0.2, 0.3) is True under the default settings.

Published22 Oct 2026