In brief
An airbag control unit receives sensor information and controls activation of the appropriate restraint devices.
Useful to know
An airbag control unit receives sensor information and controls activation of the appropriate restraint devices. Bosch describes a scalable unit whose sensor interfaces and firing circuits vary with the vehicle. [1]
It is distinct from an airbag cushion or an individual impact sensor. A warning lamp alone cannot identify which part has failed. Diagnosis must follow the vehicle-specific procedure. Because the system contains deployment components, applying voltage at random or swapping connectors is not an appropriate way to test it.
Sources
For further detail and to check the information: