In brief
ZF's steer-by-wire architecture replaces the mechanical link between steering wheel and road wheels with electronic demand transmission. A separate hand-wheel actuator can provide haptic feedback.
Useful to know
ZF's steer-by-wire architecture replaces the mechanical link between steering wheel and road wheels with electronic demand transmission. A separate hand-wheel actuator can provide haptic feedback. [1]
This reveals two tasks: positioning road wheels and providing driver feel. The system is more than an absent shaft; safety architecture and fault handling matter to the actual application.
Sources
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