Steer-by-wire: the request from the steering wheel is transmitted electronically

Useful to know

Steer-by-wire transmits the driver’s steering input electronically to the mechanism that directs the wheels. Bosch describes separate actuators for the steering wheel and steering rack, with controlled feedback creating the steering feel. [1]

This offers different freedom in arranging components. It is distinct from ordinary electric power steering that assists an existing mechanical connection. For a particular car, check the complete architecture and backup modes. The technology’s name alone cannot establish how that system responds to every possible fault.